Tissue heating is affected by which of the following factors? Select all that apply.

The correct answer focuses on B1+rms, which is the root mean square of the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field. Tissue heating during an MRI scan is primarily influenced by the strength and characteristics of this RF field. The B1 field directly affects how much energy is deposited into the tissue, which can lead to an increase in temperature. A higher B1+rms means more energy is transferred to the tissue during the RF pulse, increasing the potential for heating.

While permittivity also plays a role in how electromagnetic fields interact with tissues, in the context of this question, the primary factor directly responsible for tissue heating is the B1+rms. Slice thickness and slice gap can have some indirect effects on overall imaging quality and the distribution of RF energy, but they do not directly relate to tissue heating in the same way that B1+rms does. By understanding these dynamics, MRSEs can better assess and manage patient safety during MRI procedures.