What GFR level indicates kidney failure?

The correct answer, indicating kidney failure, is based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measurement, which reflects the kidneys' ability to filter waste from the blood. In clinical practice, a GFR of less than 15 mL/min/1.73m² signifies end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure, wherein the kidneys can no longer maintain normal function and dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary.

As GFR values decrease, the severity of kidney impairment increases. For instance, a GFR of 30-45 mL/min/1.73m² indicates moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the kidneys still retain some degree of functioning. Conversely, a GFR between 45-60 mL/min/1.73m² may suggest early stages of CKD. Levels above this range indicate normal to mildly impaired kidney function. Therefore, any GFR measurement below 15 mL/min/1.73m² confirms kidney failure and necessitates immediate medical intervention to manage the patient's health effectively.