Which gradient parameters promote the highest chance of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)?

The choice that promotes the highest chance of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is one where factors like the gradient strength, maximum gradient amplitude, and rise time are influential. In this context, PNS is closely associated with the rate at which the magnetic field gradients change, as well as the overall magnitude of these gradients.

In the provided options, the parameters that would lead to a higher chance of PNS typically include higher gradient values and shorter rise times. The correct answer indicates a combination of moderate gradient strength and lower rise time (0.2 ms), which contributes significantly to the risk of PNS. This is because a rapid change in the magnetic field can induce strong electric fields, increasing the likelihood of stimulating peripheral nerves.

The other combinations present higher maximum gradient strengths or longer rise times, which typically reduce the potential for PNS compared to the chosen answer. While they may seem higher, the rapid rise time in the correct answer means that PNS can occur even at lower gradient strengths, reinforcing its significance as a risk factor in magnetic resonance imaging.